A light‐triggered Time‐Resolved X‐ray Solution Scattering ( TR ‐ XSS ) workflow with application to protein conformational dynamics

Time-resolved X-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) is a synchrotron-based methodology that enables real-time structural characterization under near-native conditions to provide insight into dynamic and transient structural changes inaccessible to static high-resolution methods such as cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) or X-ray crystallography. Here, we present a workflow for light-triggered TR-XSS experiments that spans data collection, data processing, kinetic analysis, and structural refinement, with accompanying Python scripts. A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase membrane protein (LMCA1) is used as an illustrative example, but the protocol is broadly applicable to diverse protein systems. This workflow offers a practical framework for collecting TR-XSS synchrotron data and subsequent data analysis and interpretation.