Eye‐Gaze Tracking

This chapter explores the principles and technologies behind gaze tracking, covering eye movement physiology, tracking methods, and system integration in immersive environments. It examines its applications in user interfaces, foveated rendering, accessibility, and behavioral research, while addressing key technical and integration challenges. By the end, readers will understand how gaze tracking enhances immersion and interactivity and its growing role in the future of human–computer interaction. Eye movement is a critical physiological process that enables humans to perceive, focus on, and interact with the visual environment. Understanding the physiology of eye movement is essential for developing precise eye-gaze tracking systems. Eye-gaze tracking systems can be broadly classified into two main categories: remote eye trackers and head-mounted eye trackers. The chapter discusses the methods of calibration, factors affecting accuracy, sources of error, and techniques to mitigate these challenges. It examines the hardware and software aspects of integration, addressing key challenges such as latency and synchronization.