Speech Recognition

This chapter explores the core principles, technologies, and applications of speech recognition, emphasizing its role in enabling natural and efficient human–computer interaction. It begins with an overview of speech processing fundamentals, followed by a discussion of acoustic and language models that underpin modern voice recognition systems. The chapter examines advancements in deep learning architectures, integration with virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) environments, and the challenges associated with speech recognition in immersive settings. By understanding these elements, readers gain insights into how voice recognition is shaping the future of VR and AR interactions. The chapter describes the various types of voice recognition systems, including speaker-dependent vs. speaker-independent systems, continuous vs. discrete speech recognition, and keyword spotting vs. large vocabulary systems. The pipeline for a modern voice-based interaction application consists of three main stages: automatic speech recognition, a language model, and text-to-speech.