Brassinosteroid‐mediated Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms in Plants Under Heat Stress

One type of stress in the environment is heat stress, which could have an effect on the yield of crops, i.e. negative effect when it comes to crop growth and development. High temperatures decrease grain yield and quality by delaying the metabolic and developmental processes that control how rapidly grains are formed in plants. It is becoming more and more important to enable plants to endure extreme temperatures. For stress tolerance, adaptations to these high-temperature stresses demand complex sensing, signaling, and response systems in plants. A class of phytohormones referred to as brassinosteroids (BRs) influences the resistance of plants to various abiotic stressors and controls their growth, development, and fertility. BRs are a type of steroid hormone that are crucial for plant development, growth, and heat stress response in a variety of activities and mechanisms connected to heat stress and its mitigation. Increased growth and biomass buildup are mostly attributed to BRs’ improved photosynthetic efficiency under stress. When BR perception occurs at the cell surface via BR receptors, a crucial transcription factor known as BZR1 (BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1) controls the nuclear transcription of BR-responsive genes, is activated. Numerous studies show that BRs can advance the plant's physiological and molecular systems when plants respond to stress. Here, we present recent research that takes advantage of methods to mediate molecular and physiological pathways under heat and temperature stress in plants. The fundamental processes of BR-induced stress tolerance are not entirely understood, though. We provide an explanation of how plants respond to heat stress and are affected by BRs. We also go over the research that is available to illustrate possible methods for increasing heat stress tolerance in BR-induced plants.