Shoulder

Anatomy of the shoulder includes diarthrodial, spheroidal joint, passive and active mechanisms, passive stabilizers and active stabilizers. Osteochondrosis dessicans is a developmental disease resulting in incomplete endochondral ossification, leading to degeneration of the articular surface and formation of a flap. Biceps tendinopathy is a primary or secondary chronic degenerative condition of the biceps brachii tendon and can be classified as calcifying or noncalcifying depending on visualization of mineralization within the tendon. Supraspinatus tendinopathy refers to all conditions affecting the supraspinatus tendon including tears, mineralized tendinopathy, tendinosis, and/or injuries in and around the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle. Postoperative therapy is aimed at strengthening other shoulder stabilizers. The brachialis muscle in strengthened to improve elbow joint flexion postbiceps brachii tenotomy. Permanent shortening of the infraspinatus after initial acute muscle injury followed by a chronic phase.