Tarsus

This chapter presents the definition, anatomy, epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation of common calcaneal (Achilles) tendon injury, tarsal osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), and superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon luxation. OCD is the detachment and mineralization of the articular cartilage flaps of the tarsocrural joint. Medial trochlear ridge of the tarsocrural joint is affected in 80% of cases, compared to the lateral trochlear ridge, which is affected in 20–25% of cases. SDF tendon luxation is the displacement of the SDF tendon from its normal position on the calcaneus due to retinaculum disruption. The precise cause of SDF tendon luxation is unclear but may involve tearing of the medial attachment of the SDF tendon, trauma, or genetic predisposition. Tendon displacement results in inflammation, pain, and lameness.