Orthopedic Conditions of the Digits

This chapter reviews the definition, anatomy, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment for orthopedic conditions, including distal limb, digital osteoarthritis, digital fracture/luxation and digital flexor muscle/tendon injuries. Painful, degenerative process that affects all joint structures and involves the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and reactive alterations of subchondral bone and the surrounding joint structures. Patients with visible swelling are more likely to have pain during ambulation and palpation. Luxation is due to ligament injuries, is seen in the phalanges, and is classified according to severity. The severity of lameness depends on the extent of the force, the number of bones affected, the degree of injury, and the size of the patient. A luxation with excessive instability can benefit from surgical reinforcement of the stretched capsule and ligament. During a reintroduction to training, the affected digit can be supported with toe-strapping using kinesiology tape.