Inoculation

Against a landscape of rapidly evolving media, this chapter provides an overview of inoculation literature related to length and modality. Evidence demonstrates that inoculation messages, whether brief or extensive, can effectively build resistance to persuasion. This flexibility of message volume highlights the theory's practical value, accommodating the norms of different communication channels. The chapter discusses research across this spectrum of message length and proposes directions for future studies. Additionally, inoculation scholarship, to various degrees, has examined messaging avenues, including print, video, text message, and game. Studies also have explored the role of visuals in the inoculation process. The variety of available platforms underscores the need for further focus on the role of modality and the ways inoculation is processed when delivered via different modalities. Practical implications of this research and suggestions for future scholarship are explored.