Climate Change and Clean Energy Solution Nexus

Climate change is known as a pressing ecological challenge in the twenty-first century, with profound consequences on the environment and human health. This study examines the critical role of the energy sector, particularly electricity and heat generation, in contributing to climate change through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as proven by scientific and statistical evidence. The study delves into the basic concepts of climate change and focuses on technology-oriented and policy-oriented solutions, including the potential of solar, wind, and hydropower penetration to mitigate the impact of climate change on the electricity sector. Furthermore, the authors discuss the decarbonization pathway of the electricity sector in the European Union (EU) member states until 2050 and highlight the role and potential of renewable energy sources (RES) in mitigating CO 2 equivalent emissions. Finally, the electricity generation mix in Italy is further assessed as a case study in the EU to quantify the environmental benefits of the penetration of RES in the electricity sector. The study advocates for a holistic approach involving both technological and policy solutions to achieve a sustainable and low-impact electricity sector. Transitioning to RESs and implementing supportive policies are imperative to mitigate climate change and align with international climate goals.