Smart Farming Technologies

The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and machine learning is transforming contemporary agriculture, resulting in the development of smart farming and precision agriculture. The current review synthesizes results of 24 seminal studies that discuss varied applications of IoT-based technologies across agricultural production. These reports identify improvements in sensor networks, wireless communications, cloud platforms, and data-driven decision-making software that allow for real-time monitoring, efficient irrigation, pest management, and yield forecasting. The application of big data and artificial intelligence has been invaluable in converting raw data into useful information, enhancing farm productivity, sustainability, and profitability. While the potential is clear, scalability, interoperability, data security, infrastructure capacity, and rural adoption obstacles continue to exist. Multiple studies also highlight the need for leveraging geospatial data and wireless sensor networks for improving decision-making accuracy. The combination of smart devices and analytics not only helps in solving food security problems but also supports global initiatives to implement sustainable agriculture and climate resilience. This systematic review serves as a basis for future research and deployment plans, with the aim of overcoming practical limitations and increasing technological resilience in heterogeneous agro-ecosystems.