Practical Diagnostics

The chapter provides a comprehensive guide to practical diagnostics for evaluating cancer in veterinary patients, focusing on history, physical examination, blood pressure, minimum database tests, cytology, immunocytochemistry, thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, histopathology, bone biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. It emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical exam, proper handling of cytology slides, and the role of advanced imaging and diagnostic techniques. The text highlights the significance of accurate staging and diagnosis, with specific considerations for different cancer types, such as mast cell tumors and lymphomas. It also addresses the limitations and potential pitfalls of certain diagnostic methods, including the variability in ultrasound results and the risks associated with bone biopsies. The chapter evaluates the utility of various diagnostic tests in veterinary oncology, focusing on their application, limitations, and clinical relevance. The text discusses the role of flow cytometry, PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR), electrophoresis, the CADET BRAF analysis, genomic analysis, liquid biopsy, and the Veterinary Diagnostic Institute Gastrointestinal Lymphoma Panel in diagnosing and managing canine cancers.