Blockchain‐Enabled Smart City Solutions

IoT-enabled Smart Cities leverage interconnected devices to optimize urban procedures, from traffic management to environmental monitoring. By collecting and analyzing real-time data, these cities improve efficiency and citizens’ overall quality of life. Advances in IoT technology enable smart cities to realize their full potential by providing new services and services to urban stakeholders. One of the key issues facing the smart city is security. Smart cities can be made more secure by using blockchain technology to store transactions in an immutable, transparent, decentralized ledger. The emergence of blockchain technology has familiarized groundbreaking possibilities in various sectors, with smart cities being one of the most promising fields for its application. However, integrating blockchain technology with smart cities needs more study, as both are still in their infancy. This paper thoroughly examines blockchain's impact on the growth of Internet of Things-based smart cities. We describe how blockchain technology has evolved in terms of consensus algorithms, blockchain platforms, and its constituent technologies. Then, we continue to explore several blockchain-enabled smart applications, and we have examined and identified challenges after analyzing the existing approaches presented in more than 60 publications. Then, we presented possible solutions to mitigate these challenges and proposed potential additions to future blockchain-based solutions for smart cities.