Ultrasonographic Examination of the Genitalia in Rams and Bucks

Ultrasonographic imaging is important for the evaluation of testicular parenchyma and differentiation of scrotal lesions. This chapter describes in detail the equipment, techniques, and interpretation of ultrasonography of the male reproductive organs. The first part discusses the ultrasonographic features of the normal scrotum and its contents. The echotexture of these organs is illustrated. Ultrasonographic testicular measurements and their use for the determination of testicular volume are provided. Various abnormalities of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord are illustrated, including the determination of the location of the cryptorchid testis. The chapter ends with a discussion and illustration of the ultrasonography of the internal genital organs.