Physiology of Reproduction in the Female

This chapter describes the key features of female reproductive physiology. Endocrinology and factors affecting the onset of puberty are described. Hormonal mechanisms governing reproductive seasonality are presented. A detailed description of anatomical, behavioral, and hormonal changes occurring during the estrous cycle in sheep and goats is provided, including a discussion of follicular wave patterns and ovulation. Fertilization, early embryo development, maternal recognition of pregnancy, implantation, and placentation are concisely described to help the clinician understand these aspects of reproduction. Pregnancy endocrinology, placental development, and fetal development are also presented. The chapter concludes with a discussion of endocrinology and the stages of parturition, as well as postpartum and lactation physiology.