Neonatology

Neonatal loss is recognized as one of the major problems in production animals. This chapter aims to present the major causes of neonatal loss and methods to prevent them. The identification of at-risk neonates is crucial and is accomplished by careful evaluation soon after birth using a scoring system (APGAR). Failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) is a significant component of neonatal disease. It can be primary or secondary. The predisposing factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of FPT are presented. Determination of colostrum quality and the required level of feeding are discussed. Neonatal mortality is associated with dystocia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, prematurity, and congenital anomalies. All these factors are discussed. A decision tree for the clinical management of weak, anorexic, or recumbent lambs and kids is provided. The etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment of specific diseases such as floppy kid syndrome, watery mouth lambs, septicemia, and diarrhea are included. Finally, a discussion of grafting/fostering techniques and artificial rearing of lambs and kids is provided.