Biomanufacturing of Smart Packaging Materials, Cosmetics, Therapeutics, and Nanomaterials Through Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Framework

Lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in tackling global sustainability issues by converting renewable agricultural waste into lucrative bio-based goods, thereby diminishing reliance on non-renewable resources. They facilitate the attainment of SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by advocating for the effective use of waste materials. Furthermore, it complies with SDG 13 (Climate action) by mitigating greenhouse gas emissions via the production of sustainable biofuels and biodegradable substances. Agro-biomass, derived from farm residues such as sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, wheat straw and industrial wastes such as potato, corn, and sugar beet function as a sustainable feedstock for the biomanufacturing of various high-value goods. In a lignocellulosic biorefinery framework, these wastes are transformed into biopolymers such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polyhydroxybutyrate, which are essential constituents of smart packaging materials; synthesis of bioactive compounds for cosmetics, antibacterial agents for therapeutic purposes, and cellulose-derived nanomaterials for sophisticated applications (Srivastava et al., 2022). These contributions not only diminish environmental footprints but also augment the value chain of agro-residues. This chapter highlights the use of innovative bioprocesses within a biorefinery framework, as well as the environmental and economic benefits and applications in various industries. It also offers insights into the challenges, future opportunities, and advancements that contribute to the promotion of a circular bioeconomy and sustainable development.