Comprehensive Review of Blockchain‐Oriented Methods in Agricultural Supply Chain Management

Blockchain is a distributed ledger maintenance system used for the effective maintenance of data in many applications with security. However, the data and transactions pertaining to the agricultural supply chain management have many challenging issues such as the maintenance of data integrity, availability, security, and analysis. Many research works are already available about the use of blockchains for data maintenance with security. Some of the systems use the Internet of Things and sensors for data collection while other works use Artificial Intelligence for effective data analysis. However, security is also an important issue to be considered. Therefore, this paper provides a survey of works on blockchain-based data maintenance systems and methods for effective storage and retrieval of agricultural supply chain maintenance data. In addition, one new dynamic hashing algorithm called DHASH algorithm and one new commit protocol called Rule-based Two-Phase Commit (R2PC) protocol have been proposed in this paper for enhancing the security of agricultural information stored in blockchain. The main advantages of this survey of DHASH algorithm and R2PC protocol are to highlight the important parameters such as security that are necessary for reliable data storage and retrieval for agricultural applications using blockchain.