Environment‐friendly Solvents for Sustainable Extraction Processes

The current chapter is devoted to a review of the latest achievements in environment-friendly solvents for sustainable extraction processes and its analytical application. The requirement to reduce the harmful effects of chemical usage in manufacturing and in labs has resulted in a great deal of interest in creating novel techniques for analytical preparation. This has therefore prompted the creation of “green” solvents that are more ecologically friendly and may be used for both individual testing in labs and large-scale industrial applications. Green solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), supramolecular solvents (SUPRAs), switchable hydrophobicity solvents (SHSs), and some others have been actively used in analytical chemistry for the last ten years. The possibilities, advantages, and disadvantages of green solvents and the corresponding procedures of liquid–liquid microextraction (LLME) were considered. The selected examples of analytical application of eco-friendly solvents for the analysis of inorganic and organic analytes in various matrices are discussed. Some new trends in the use of environment-friendly solvents in LLME and related preconcentration techniques are noted, and prospects for further development are outlined.