The Role of Hydrogen in Energy Transition

The global energy landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions and transition toward sustainable energy systems. Hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal element in this transition due to its versatility, abundance, and potential to serve as a clean energy carrier. This chapter explores the multifaceted role of hydrogen in the energy transition, beginning with an introduction to energy transition, outlining the shift from fossil fuels to renewable and low-carbon energy sources. The chapter then delves into understanding hydrogen as an energy carrier, highlighting its unique properties, production methods, and applications in various sectors. As a clean energy source, hydrogen offers a viable solution for decarbonizing industries, power generation, and transportation, especially when produced via renewable energy-based electrolysis. However, the widespread adoption of hydrogen requires substantial infrastructure development, including production facilities, storage systems, and distribution networks. The chapter also examines economic considerations, addressing the cost competitiveness of hydrogen technologies, investment requirements, and potential market opportunities. Policy and regulatory frameworks play a critical role in shaping the hydrogen economy, with governments worldwide implementing strategies, incentives, and regulations to support hydrogen development and deployment. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogen's role in achieving a low-carbon future while addressing the technical, economic, and policy challenges that must be overcome to realize its full potential.