Non‐Newtonian Fluids in Environmental Engineering

Non-Newtonian fluids play a supportive role in various environmental engineering applications, due to the fact that it influences processes such as wastewater treatment, sediment transport, and pollutant dispersion. Understanding the complex flow behavior of the fluids is essential for effective modeling and simulation. In this review, key non-Newtonian fluid characteristics are examined, including shear-thinning, shear-thickening, and viscoelastic behaviors. Various models, such as Bingham plastic and power-law models, are discussed for their applicability in environmental contexts. Case studies illustrate the impact of non-Newtonian behavior on sediment transport in rivers and estuaries, and emphasizes how rheological properties affect sediment deposition and erosion processes. For that reason, the study explores the role of non-Newtonian fluids in biofilm development and the implications for nutrient and pollutant removal in wastewater treatment facilities. Advanced simulation techniques, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD), are highlighted for their ability to capture the intricacies of flow in complex environmental systems. Moreover, challenges in measuring non-Newtonian properties and the influence of environmental factors are addressed, which provided insights into improving predictive models. As environmental engineering increasingly seeks sustainable solutions, understanding non-Newtonian fluid dynamics becomes essential for optimizing processes and enhancing the performance of engineered systems. Chapter 15 thus serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to leverage the unique properties of non-Newtonian fluids to address contemporary environmental challenges.