College, Careers, and the Rise of AI

This chapter examines how large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, and Gemini, are reshaping the labor market for college-educated workers, with an emphasis on early impacts since ChatGPT's November 2022 launch. While many similar LLM services would eventually emerge, ChatGPT was the first to capture widespread attention and use. LLM exposure identifies the occupations most likely to experience changes because of LLMs, but it is ambiguous as to what that change will be without employment, wage, or resume data with which to observe career outcomes. As a speculative example, a parallel outcome for LLMs may occur in education as artificial intelligence tutoring and learning services enable more students to be successful and pursue higher education. This may in turn increase demand for teachers, professors, and other educational services. Finally, policymakers and educational leaders must monitor these early warning signs.