IoT Architecture for End‐to‐End Visibility

This chapter explores the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a foundation for end-to-end visibility in logistics and supply chain management. IoT enables real-time data collection, transmission and analysis through interconnected devices and sensors, supporting improved monitoring, predictive analytics and decision-making. In logistics, IoT is used extensively due to its usefulness and capabilities in automated and continuous tracking of component processes of transport, warehousing, supply, production and distribution, which translates into efficient and effective management of logistics processes. The chapter presents the layered architecture of IoT – comprising perception, communication, processing and application layers – highlighting its capacity to integrate diverse data sources and provides comprehensive visibility across the entire value chain. The chapter identifies challenges such as system integration, data quality, cybersecurity risks, high implementation costs and organizational resistance. One of the greatest challenges in the era of digital technology is the integration of heterogeneous systems and communication standards.