Nanophotocatalysts: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, and Advances in Remediation Technologies

There is a growing interest in nanophotocatalysis in environmental remediation. In this chapter, the fundamentals, mechanisms, and recent developments in nanophotocatalysts for remediation technologies are discussed. It explores the key mechanisms underlying nanophotocatalytic reactions, including the generation and utilization of oxygen-active species such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide radicals (O2⋅−) , hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) , and singlet oxygen ¹₂(¹⁢O⁢₂) , as well as the interaction between catalysts and target pollutants. The chapter also sheds light on the applications and performance of carbon scaffolding nanophotocatalysts in the treatment of diverse organic pollutants. By highlighting their effectiveness, it further emphasizes their potential in environmental remediation. Lastly, the chapter explores the challenges and future prospects in the field of nanophotocatalysis, specifically focusing on the practical considerations of scalability and durability. The aim is to address the feasibility of implementing these technologies on a larger scale and ensure their long-term effectiveness.