Diving into the ELISA Technique

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely used diagnostic tool in public health due to its simplicity, high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, making it effective in detecting viruses, bacteria, and other targets important in public health. This chapter delves into the fundamentals of ELISA, including its components such as antibodies and antigens, and its detection systems using enzymes and signal amplification techniques. The application of ELISA in detecting species of concern in public health such as viruses and bacteria is summarized, especially recent innovative methods employed in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral detection. Additionally, the integration of ELISA in microfluidic devices and its potential future developments are also discussed.