Index

argon oxygen decarboniser (AOD) 333, 344 automatic generation control (AGC) 69 autothermal methane reforming 218 autothermal reforming (ATR) 200, 201, 203-204, 222, 224, 225, 273, 285 Avogadro's number 96 b baking industry bread production process 489, 493 carbon footprint of breadmaking 492-494 history 486-487 industry size 487-489 raw materials and process 489-492 renewable energy 494-495 research, future processes 495 base load 70, 71, 486, 563 basic industries 305-325, 367-369, 385, 460, 483 cement CO 2 -emissions 316-317 CO 2 production manufacture 314-316 energy demand in production 313-314 industry size 308-310 material specification for 307-308 process description 310-313 research and future processes 317-318 chloro-alkali process 358-359 diaphragm cell 361-364 material and industry 358-359 membrane cell 365-366 mercury cell 364-365 oxygen-depolarised cathode cell 366 process flow diagram 361 raw materials 361 different industries 367-368 materials 306 steel coke production 334 electric arc furnace 343-344 emission reductions 344 iron and steel industry 330-333 iron production 334-341 material specification 325-330 oxygen steel-making 341-342 sub-processes 333-334 sulphuric acid making production 354-356 material specifications 349 production process 350-354 size and production scale 349-350 spent acid waste regeneration 356-357 basic oxygen furnace (BOF) 333, 341, 342 battery lead-acid battery 100-105 LiCoO 2 105, 106, 108-110 lithium-ion battery 105-108 principle 95-100 solid-state battery 111 battery energy storage system (BESS) 178, 530 Baumann relationship 30 Bayer process 391-394 Becher process 414-415 Bernoulli's equation 153 best available technology (BAT) 245, 248 Betz Limit 48 beverage cans 503 biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 518, 520 biofuels 8, 14, 444 biomass 13-16, 34, 46, 70, 178, 191, 225, 284, 318, 344, 445, 458, 504, 513, 522, 524 blast furnace 151, 332-341 exergy analysis of 339-341 blister copper 401, 402 body-centred-cubic (BCC) 325 body-centred tetragonal (BCT) 327 borosilicate glass 435, 436 Boudouard reaction 277, 278, 338, 429 Brayton cycle 31-33, 250, 251, 256 bread types of 487-489 10.