H 2 Evolution Utilizing Defect‐Engineered Photocatalytic Materials

Hydrogen (H 2 ) generation through chemical or electrochemical processes has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The photocatalysis process has emerged as a promising platform for H 2 evolution reactions, where semiconductor materials are used to capture sunlight or artificial light, facilitating the splitting of water (H 2 O) into H 2 and oxygen (O 2 ). Currently, researchers are actively working on defect-engineered photocatalytic materials for H 2 evolution, exploring novel materials, optimizing defect structures, and developing innovative synthesis methods. Various strategies can be employed to introduce defects in photocatalytic materials, including ion implantation, high-energy irradiation, thermal treatment, and doping with other elements. These techniques can significantly influence the crystal structure, composition, and defect properties of photocatalytic materials, allowing for the tailored optimization of photocatalysts. This chapter will examine examples of defective photocatalytic materials for H 2 evolution reactions, with a particular focus on their structures, properties, and future perspectives for advancements in this vital field.