Fluorescence Probe of Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), superoxide anion ( O2•− ), and singlet oxygen (¹O₂), play crucial roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, their excessive production leads to oxidative stress, which is associated with various diseases. Fluorescent probes have become essential tools for ROS detection due to their high sensitivity, real-time monitoring capability, and excellent biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in fluorescent probes designed for H₂O₂, HOCl, ·OH, O2•− , and ¹O₂, with a focus on molecular design strategies (e.g. specific recognition groups, fluorophore selection), response mechanisms (e.g. oxidation reactions, energy transfer), and biological applications (e.g. cellular imaging, disease diagnosis). Furthermore, the challenges (e.g. improving selectivity, in vivo dynamic monitoring) and future directions in this field are discussed. These studies provide valuable insights into understanding the biological functions of ROS and developing related diagnostic and therapeutic tools.