Polygeneration Plants Based on Fossil Fuels

This chapter describes fossil fuel-based polygeneration systems that use coal and natural gas to simultaneously produce electricity, heat, cooling, chemicals, fuels, and potable water. Section 14.2 focuses on coal-based polygeneration and addresses energy services, chemical and fuel synthesis, as well as desalination processes. Section 14.3 covers natural gas-based polygeneration systems and evaluates similar applications and their integration with advanced conversion technologies. Key technologies, including combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, steam reforming, and chemical-looping, are analysed with a focus on carbon capture and utilisation strategies. Technical case studies illustrate operating performance, trade-offs between energy efficiency and environmental impacts, and optimisation approaches for producing several products. Overall, the chapter demonstrates the potential of fossil fuel-based polygeneration systems to provide versatile energy services (power, heating, and cooling) as well as chemicals, fuels, and potable water, while integrating carbon capture and utilisation measures.