Conclusion

This chapter addresses the challenges associated with growing global energy demand and mitigating climate change. It summarises key strategies such as the deployment of renewable energy, carbon capture, and storage/utilisation, and the use of negative emission technologies in the energy, transport, building, and industrial sectors. Particular attention is paid to the development of polygeneration systems that use various fuels to produce electricity, heat, cooling, fuels, chemicals, and potable water simultaneously with improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact. In addition, the conclusion chapter summarises experimental results and numerical simulation methods covering steady-state, dynamic, and CFD models to support the optimised design, operation, and performance evaluation of next-generation energy systems.