Progress in Research on Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Treatment

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe oral disease induced by anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic drugs. It is characterized by jawbone necrosis, infection, and impaired bone healing, severely affecting the patient's quality of life. Although the pathogenesis of MRONJ has been extensively studied, the exact pathophysiological process remains unclear. The currently accepted mechanisms include inhibition of bone formation, inhibition of angiogenesis, and oral microbial infection, which interact to form a vicious cycle, further exacerbating disease progression. This review explores the effects of anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic drugs on MRONJ, the role of microbial infection in disease development, current non-surgical and surgical treatment strategies, and future research directions, aiming to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as research.