PEDOT‐Based Eutectogel Electrode Arrays for Enhanced High‐Resolution Electrogastrography: Fabrication, Stability, and Wearable Performance

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Authors: Christopher Slaughter, Luke W. Gatecliff, Xudong Tao, Ruben Ruiz‐Mateos Serrano, Amy Jin, Matías L. Picchio, Daniele Mantione, Antonio Dominguez‐Alfaro, George G. Malliaras
Cited by: 3
References: 31

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG) is a non‐invasive diagnostic technique critical for assessing gastrointestinal (GI) function, particularly in monitoring chronic disorders and abnormalities in gastric motility. However, traditional EGG technologies are limited by low spatiotemporal resolution, poor electrode stability, static configurations, and reliance on disposable silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes with gel electrolytes that dehydrate over time. These factors increase costs and confine high‐resolution EGG to clinical settings, limiting its utility for long‐term and point‐of‐care (POC) applications. Here, a fabrication technique for soft, 3D‐protruded and conducting eutectogel array of electrodes is reported. The PEDOT eutectogel interlayer interface was engineered to enhance conductivity, reduce skin‐electrode impedance, and improve dehydration resistance compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes. Long‐term stability was assessed under extended ambient drying conditions. A 16‐circular electrode array was fabricated and optimized through a transfer function analysis, yielding electrodes with a 15 mm diameter and a 30 mm interelectrode spacing. High‐resolution EGG signals were successfully recorded from the epigastrium using the electrode array before and after a meal, providing spatially resolved information. This work presents a promising solution for low‐cost, stable, and long‐term gastric monitoring with high spatial resolution, advancing wearable gastrointestinal diagnostics and enabling point‐of‐care monitoring of chronic gastrointestinal disorders.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Gastrointestinal motility and disorders Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies

Publication details

Journal / source
Advanced Functional Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
36
Issue
42
Publication date
9 March 2026
Language
EN