Pathways Toward Efficient Antimony Chalcogenide Solar Cells: Material Development, Film Engineering, Defect Passivation, and Carrier Transport

ABSTRACT Antimony chalcogenide solar cells (Sb 2 X 3 , X = S and Se) have emerged as a highly promising class of earth‐abundant, nontoxic, and cost‐effective photovoltaic absorbers. Over the past decade, researchers have actively investigated diverse approaches to boost the performance of Sb 2 X 3 solar cells. This review summarizes recent progress in Sb 2 X 3 solar cells, emphasizing efforts to enhance light absorption and charge transport through composition tuning and novel material design, as well as to improve film morphology, crystallographic orientation, and other key characteristics via advanced deposition techniques, substrate engineering, and additive‐assisted growth. Moreover, it discusses approaches to mitigate defect‐induced recombination and facilitate interfacial carrier extraction through post‐treatments, bulk doping, and interface modification. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential pathways to further enhance the power conversion efficiency of Sb 2 X 3 solar cells are outlined.