Scalable, Lightweight, and Waterproof Unitary Fabric Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bio‐ and Natural Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Sensing

ABSTRACT Light, adaptable, and distributed power sources are essential for materializing various wearable devices and popularizing Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) applications. While triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a promising solution of wearable energy, many existing fabric‐based TENGs (f‐TENGs) face challenges in terms of weight, environmental adaptability, and scalable manufacturing. Here, we report a unitary, waterproof, and industrially compatible f‐TENG that efficiently harvests energy from diverse natural and biomechanical sources, including rain, wind, and human motion, while functioning as a self‐powered sensor and human–machine interface. The f‐TENG incorporates sueding‐treated polyethylene and nylon fabrics with spray‐coated silicone rubber particles to enhance charge transfer, alongside a porous polyurethane spacer that optimizes compressibility and contact–separation efficiency. This design reduces device weight by over 8 times compared to previous systems while achieving higher electrical output (315 V open‐circuit voltage and 118 mW/m 2 power density). Critically, all fabrication processes align with standard industrial textile manufacturing, ensuring scalability and cost‐effectiveness. We demonstrate applications in health monitoring, speech recognition, interactive controls, and sports training, providing a new direction for fabricating lightweight and cost‐effective multifunctional TENGs, and highlighting the potential of the f‐TENG to enable future generations of self‐powered e‐textiles and sustainable wearable systems.