Tailoring Quinone‐Based Organic Small Molecules as Universal Cathodes for High‐Performance Zn/Al‐Ion Batteries Operating From −50 to 50°C

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Authors: Peng Xiong, B H Liu, Shilin Zhang, Guanjie Li, Xindan Zhang, Rui Wang, H. J. Li, Guang Feng, Longhai Zhang, Chaofeng Zhang
Cited by: 5
References: 45

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aqueous multivalent Zn‐ and Al‐ion batteries offer intrinsic safety and high theoretical capacities, yet the high charge density of Zn 2+ and Al 3+ leads to sluggish kinetics and structural instability in inorganic intercalation cathodes. Organic cathodes present a promising alternative due to their coordination‐driven redox chemistry, yet the practical deployment is limited by the high solubility of small molecules. Conventional strategies like polymerization and hybridization fail to balance stability, redox activity, and energy density. Here, we adopt an intrinsic small‐molecule design strategy and develop a quinone‐based small molecule, NQNT, that integrates adjacent carbonyl (C═O) and imine (C═N) groups within a rigid conjugated backbone to maximize redox‐site accessibility, suppress dissolution, and enable stable multivalent‐ion coordination. As a result, Zn//NQNT delivers a high capacity of 235 mAh g −1 , a ∼0.8 V discharge plateau, excellent rate capability, and ultrastable cycling over 50 000 cycles. Operando and ex situ spectroscopy reveal a highly reversible six‐electron Zn 2+ /H + co‐storage mechanism. NQNT also exhibits efficient Al 3+ storage (212 mAh g −1 ) and robust performance from −50°C to 50°C. This work establishes a generalizable molecular‐design strategy for stable, high‐energy organic cathodes compatible with diverse multivalent‐ion chemistries.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Advanced battery technologies research Advancements in Battery Materials Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques

Publication details

Journal / source
Advanced Functional Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
36
Issue
41
Publication date
25 February 2026
Language
EN