Materials and Design Strategies of Fully 3D Printed Biodegradable Wireless Devices for Biomedical Applications

ABSTRACT 3D printing of bioelectronics offers a versatile platform for fabricating personalized and structurally integrated electronic systems within biological scaffolds. Biodegradable electronics, which naturally dissolve after their functional lifetime, minimize the long‐term burden on both patients and healthcare providers by eliminating the need for surgical retrieval. In this study, we developed a library of 3D‐printable, biodegradable electronic inks encompassing conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, thereby enabling the direct printing of fully functional, multi‐material, customizable electronic systems in a single integrated process. Especially, conjugated molecules were introduced to improve charge mobility and energy level alignment in semiconducting inks. This ink platform supports the fabrication of passive and active components and physical and chemical sensors, making it suitable for complex biomedical applications. Versatility of this system was demonstrated through two representative applications: (i) wireless pressure sensor embedded within biodegradable scaffolds, (ii) wireless electrical stimulators that retain programmable electrical functionality in vivo and degrade post‐implantation. This work establishes a foundation of modules for autonomous, biodegradable bioelectronic systems fabricated entirely via 3D printing, with implications for personalized diagnostics, therapeutic interfaces, and transient medical devices.