Scalable Fabrication of High‐Efficiency Thin‐Film Perovskite Solar Cells in Air via Polymer‐Mediated Synthesis of α‐FAPbI 3 Microcrystals

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Authors: Fan Shen, Chenxu Zhao, Jia Xu, Xunhui Wang, Jiale Chen, Huijing Liu, Pengchen Zou, Xi Liu, Yao Fu, Huifang Han, Kun Lang, Yijun Wang
+5 more Xiang Gao, Zhaofu Fei, Hong Zhang, Paul J Dyson, Jianxi Yao
Cited by: 1
References: 45

Abstract

ABSTRACT Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI 3 ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate exceptional photovoltaic performance but face critical stability challenges impeding commercialization. Herein, we integrate polypropylene glycol (PPG) into an inverse temperature crystallization process to synthesize highly stable α‐FAPbI 3 microcrystals, which retain phase purity for over six months in air. Our approach enables large‐scale production (nearly 50 g) of PPG‐coated α‐FAPbI 3 (target) microcrystals from low‐cost PbI 2 , with over 95% yield—sufficient to manufacture 23 m 2 of perovskite solar modules. Redissolving the target α‐FAPbI 3 microcrystals, followed by spin‐coating and annealing, yields target perovskite films with reduced defect density, minimized residual strain, and enhanced carrier transport. Mechanistic investigations reveal that colloidal species form upon the redissolution of target microcrystals which modulate the film crystallization kinetics, i.e. accelerating (100)‐oriented nucleation and growth. Employing this integrated strategy, a champion PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.50% (certified 26.22%) was obtained at a laboratory scale (0.06 cm 2 ) and 22.66% for a module with an aperture area of 28.99 cm 2 , together with prolonged operational stability. This work opens new avenues for the industrial‐scale fabrication of efficient and stable large‐area perovskite photovoltaics.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Perovskite Materials and Applications Machine Learning in Materials Science Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity

Publication details

Journal / source
Advanced Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
38
Issue
14
Pages
e22508–e22508
Publication date
5 February 2026
Language
EN