A Gradient Functionalized Separator for Unlocking Latent Cathode Host Sites and Enhancing Zinc Anode DOD in Ultrahigh‐Areal‐Capacity Static Zn‐I 2 Batteries

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Authors: Qingxiu Yu, Xixi Zhang, Dongbo Yuan, Chuanlin Li, Jing Sun, Dingzheng Li, Na Li, Ningning Zhang, Guangmeng Qu, Chenggang Wang, Xijin Xu
Cited by: 22
References: 49

Abstract

ABSTRACT The development of static aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (SAZIBs) is hindered by the polyiodide shuttling effect and poor zinc anode reversibility, issues that are exacerbated under high iodine loadings essential for high energy density. Herein, a gradient‐structured separator (G‐CCN@GF) is designed by modifying a glass fiber separator with 2D cyano‐functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (CCN). Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the dense CCN layer facing the cathode effectively anchors polyiodides and unlocks latent electrochemical active sites, thereby facilitating conversion kinetics under high iodine loading and I/C ratio. Meanwhile, the thin and uniform CCN layer on the anode side promotes a uniform Zn 2+ flux, significantly improving the zinc reversibility under high depth of discharge (DOD). Consequently, the Zn/G‐CCN@GF/I 2 battery with a conventional activated carbon (AC) host achieves exceptional performance under high I/C ratio (2:1) conditions, including a high areal capacity of 27.9 mAh cm −2 at 150.1 mg cm −2 iodine loading and remarkable stability over 7200 cycles at 40 mg cm −2 . A 60 cm 2 pouch cell further validates practicality, delivering 5.8 mAh cm −2 and retaining 85.87% capacity after 1100 cycles. This work provides a feasible separator‐engineering strategy for high‐energy‐density SAZIBs.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Advanced battery technologies research Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies

Publication details

Journal / source
Advanced Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
38
Issue
12
Pages
e23132–e23132
Publication date
21 January 2026
Language
EN