Exploring the Potential of Zero‐Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials in Photoluminescent, Electrochemiluminescent and Electrochemical Sensors

ABSTRACT Zero‐dimensional carbon nanomaterials (0D‐CNs) have emerged as highly versatile platforms due to their unique structural, electronic, and photoluminescent properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural features, synthesis strategies, and functional modifications that govern their electrochemical and optical performance. Special attention is given to the influence of heteroatom doping and surface chemistry on their electron transfer behavior and luminescent efficiency. The dual role of 0D‐CNs as both electroactive agents and optical probes is explored in the context of advanced sensing platforms, with emphasis on their integration into electrochemical, photoluminescent, and electrochemiluminescence sensors. In addition, the review compiles and compares a broad range of recent academic studies in tabular form, enabling a clear evaluation of their analytical performance across different sensing modes. A critical discussion of the main advantages, limitations, and current challenges in this research field is also provided, offering valuable insights into the development of next‐generation nanomaterials. Finally, the multifunctional capabilities of 0D‐CNs are highlighted, positioning them as promising candidates for future applications in biosensing, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.