The Flotation Mechanism and Quantum Chemical Calculation of Ba(II) Ions Activating Quartz in a Sodium Oleate System

ABSTRACT Barium(II) (Ba[II]) ion activation considerably increases quartz recovery, reaching up to 99.85%, as shown by micro‐flotation studies. Ba(II) ions preferentially adsorb onto the quartz surface, creating active sites through electrostatic interactions that facilitate sodium oleate (NaOL) adsorption, as demonstrated by zeta potential measurements. Chemical adsorption is confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electronic density difference and density of states studies reveal strong electron transport between Ba and O, forming persistent chemical bonds. By combining chemical bonding and physical adsorption, Ba(II) ions improve NaOL adsorption on the quartz surface, offering a theoretical foundation for flotation.