Energy‐Efficient Parity Time‐Symmetry Broken Electrically Controlled Thermo‐Optic Devices

ABSTRACT We present a rigorous 3D heterostructure electronic–photonic co‐integrated finite element method (FEM)‐based numerical simulation that incorporates nonlinear material properties for precise modeling of the electrothermally modulated optical effect (ETMOE). The integrated platinum heater is structurally optimized, revealing a critical heater–waveguide separation that exploits broken parity–time (PT) symmetry to sustain single‐mode confinement, enabling energy‐efficient, localized fast modulation. Utilizing the PT‐broken regime, a waveguide‐integrated racetrack resonator achieves a π‐phase tuning power of 15.55 mW, mitigating unwanted asymmetric heat distribution—nearly half that of reported designs. Extending further, we implement these studied phenomena to realize an ETMOE‐based optical switch and a tunable linear amplitude modulator for matrix–vector multiplication, envisioned to contribute to scalable, low‐power, and reconfigurable photonic computing.