Adaptive Responses of Tropical Crops: A Multi‐Scale Omics Integrated Perspective

Tropical regions sustain crops essential to global food security and economic development, notably sugarcane, banana, cassava, rubber and oil palm, yet these species face extreme and variable environments. This review synthesizes their adaptive strategies shaped by long-term natural selection and domestication. We examine how genomic features underlie crop complexity, how structural variation drives key adaptive traits, and how domestication and breeding reshape genomes to enhance yield while redefining adaptive trajectories. Future efforts should be devoted to resolving synergistic stress-response mechanisms via multi-omics, accelerating stress-resilient cultivar development using wild germplasm and molecular design breeding, optimizing tropical agroforestry through niche-based frameworks, and applying tropical adaptive mechanisms to other crops via synthetic biology and gene editing. Collectively, these advances provide theoretical and practical strategies for advancing climate-resilient, sustainable tropical agriculture.