A novel method to quantify gas–particle interactions in fluidized beds using 3D ‐printed fluidization structures

Abstract Gas–particle interactions are fundamental to fluidized bed theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, yet hindered by inherent structural instability. This study pioneers a novel method using high‐fidelity 3D printing to manufacture stable fluidization structures (uniform, clusters, bubbles) with controlled solids holdup ( ε s , 0–0.65), particle diameter ( d p , 40–2000 μm), and geometries. Intrinsic pressure drops are measured via a custom experimental system, enabling drag coefficient quantification through energy balance. Validation against fixed beds (high ε s ) and liquid‐particle systems (medium/low ε s ) confirms 118×), advance fluidization theories, and enable precise CFD optimization of fluidized beds.