Self‐Endangering Work Behavior Is Enhanced by a Poor Psychosocial Safety Climate at the Workplace Among Japanese Workers Under Flexible Time Arrangements: Fixed Effects Model Analysis in a Longitudinal Study

BACKGROUND: This study examined the longitudinal influence of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) on self-endangering work behavior (SEWB), considering working time flexibility (fixed vs. flextime arrangement). METHODS: A two-wave web-based longitudinal survey was conducted in Japan in November 2021 and May 2022. Responses from 826 full-time workers were analyzed. Fixed-effects model analyses were used to examine the within-person effect of PSC on SEWB and test the moderation effect of working time flexibility. RESULTS: The decrease in PSC was significantly associated with the increase in SEWB under the flextime arrangement, but not under the fixed-time arrangement, presenting the significant moderation effect of working time flexibility. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of flextime workers to SEWB in a deterioration of PSC, emphasizing the need for organizations to maintain a healthy organizational climate when implementing flextime.