Alternately Twisted, Electron‐Rich Rylenes and Their Stable Cations

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Authors: Zhitao Sun, Rui Liu, Wei Fan, Yi Han, Qifeng Zhou, Tong Shen, Tianyu Jiao, Xin Li, Ya Zou, Jishan Wu
Cited by: 1
References: 52

Abstract

ABSTRACT Solution‐phase synthesis of long rylenes remains challenging due to their strong tendency to aggregate. Introducing backbone twist can reduce aggregation and simultaneously generate potential helical chirality. Herein, we report a series of rylene molecules–up to octarylene—bearing both odd‐ and even‐numbered naphthalene units and multiple n ‐butoxy substituents at the bay/ortho positions, synthesized via stepwise cross‐coupling followed by controlled oxidative dehydrogenation. Peri ‐attached 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups further stabilize the extended scaffolds. The electron‐rich n ‐butoxy groups not only induce pronounced backbone twisting but also impart strong electron‐donating character. X‐ray crystallography reveals that long rylenes with two or more bay‐ tetra( n ‐butoxy) motifs adopt alternating P / M helicity rather than a homochiral helical conformation. These molecules exhibit clear length‐dependent optical and electrochemical properties, with absorption and emission spanning the visible to near‐infrared region. Their electron‐rich nature enables facile formation of stable radical cations and dications. Solid‐state structures of representative radical cations show distinct intermolecular stabilizing interactions, while 1 H NMR and ACID analyses of the dications reveal a systematic evolution from local to global aromaticity.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry

Publication details

Journal / source
Angewandte Chemie
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
138
Issue
11
Publication date
4 February 2026
Language
EN