Experimental methods for wind tunnel studies of seed dispersal by wind

Abstract The complexity and variability of natural environments make quantitative studies of seed wind dispersal challenging. Wind tunnel experiments offer a controlled alternative to investigate the mechanisms of seed wind dispersal. This review focuses on wind tunnels and the associated technologies used for studying seed wind dispersal, including wind tunnel structure and its functionality in replicating natural dispersal scenarios. We discuss the selection and arrangement of key environmental factors, such as terrain, individual plants, vegetation, and substrates, as well as the real simulation of wind dispersal conditions, and provide a detailed description of critical experimental procedures. This paper emphasizes key factors for ensuring reliable and repeatable experimental results, including the use of representative seed materials, strict control of airflow characteristics, and maintaining standardized conditions. By integrating experimental experiences, this research offers valuable references for the application of wind tunnel technology in simulating the process of seed wind dispersal, providing strong support for understanding seed dispersal mechanisms.