Gender Differentiation Based Mobile Terminal Electromagnetic Exposure Safety Analysis and Corresponding Antenna Miniaturized‐Based Protective Measures

The rapid development of 5 G technology raises concerns about near-field electromagnetic exposure from mobile terminals, especially its potential risks to reproductive and vital organs. However, gender-based differences in tissue dielectric properties and their impact on exposure are often overlooked. This study has two main objectives: to analyze the influence of gender differences on near-field electromagnetic exposure, with a particular focus on key tissues, by calculating gender-specific dielectric properties of different organ tissues; and to propose antenna miniaturization as an active electromagnetic protective measure for reducing specific absorption rate (SAR). This study employs finite element modeling to construct male and female human models, incorporating reproductive systems and key organs, to evaluate SAR before and after the miniaturization of a MIMO mobile terminal antenna at 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The results show that SAR values in male tissues, particularly in reproductive organs, are significantly higher than in female counterparts. Antenna miniaturization effectively reduces peak SAR by over 30% in multiple tissues, demonstrating its role as an active electromagnetic protective measure. This work highlights gender differences in electromagnetic exposure and confirms the feasibility of antenna miniaturization for improving mobile terminal safety design.