Integrating Metabolomics and Serum Pharmacochemistry to Reveal Potential Hemostatic Components and Processing Mechanisms of Carbonized Typhae Pollen

Typhae Pollen (TP) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to resolve blood stasis and stop bleeding. Its carbonized form (CTP) shows enhanced hemostatic effects, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study combined metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry to identify active components and elucidate CTP's superior efficacy. An abnormal uterine bleeding rat model was induced by exogenous estrogen and treated with TP or CTP extracts. CTP more effectively regulated coagulation parameters, promoted endometrial repair, and reduced inflammation compared to TP. Metabolomics revealed 43 differential metabolites between control and model groups; CTP modulated 31, while TP affected 21. Both influenced arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid metabolism, but only CTP enhanced tryptophan metabolism. Serum analysis detected 24 prototype compounds and 29 metabolites for TP, and 19 and 25 for CTP. Pearson correlation identified 5 and 12 potential hemostatic constituents, respectively. This integrated approach clarifies the material basis for CTP's enhanced activity and advances understanding of carbonized TCMs.