Sustainable Performance Assessment of Circular Supply Chains in Manufacturing: A Hybrid Decision Support Study

ABSTRACT The traditional open‐loop supply chain, based on a take‐make‐dispose model, has driven economic growth but has also significantly harmed the environment. A circular supply chain integrates both forward and reverse logistics, aiming for sustainability and resource efficiency. This study explores circular performance measurement through Circular Supply Chain (CSC) practices in India's emerging manufacturing sector. A structured framework has been developed to evaluate performance and enhance CSC understanding. To prioritize circular performance measures, an innovative multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) approach using Interval‐Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Sets (IVFFSs) is introduced. The framework applies the IVFF‐CRITIC‐RS‐COCOSO methodology, guiding decision‐makers in selecting the most effective practices. The study identifies 26 CSCM practices and 19 performance indicators crucial for successful implementation. Reverse logistics is found to be the most critical practice, followed by green procurement from eco‐friendly suppliers. Key indicators include Circular Design Practices, Reverse Logistics Efficiency, and Circular Economy Partnerships. Research offers a novel and practical framework that also contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.