Nanoarchitectonics of Activated Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Storage Applications

ABSTRACT Activated carbon (AC) materials, characterized by their high surface area, diverse pore structure, and excellent electrical conductivity, have proven to be highly efficient and versatile options for applications in electrochemical energy storage. This investigation explores the most recent advancements in the synthesis and application of AC materials and their use in novel hydrogen storage and supercapacitor solutions. Carbon‐based electrodes demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, characterized by their high capacitance, rapid charge‐discharge cycles, and long life span. Through surface modifications and the incorporation of metal nanoparticles, AC materials exhibit notable adsorption potential for hydrogen storage, demonstrating enhanced hydrogen absorption properties. Maximizing the performance of AC electrodes requires a critical examination of the interplay between pore size distribution, surface kinetics, and material processing. This analysis provides a detailed and comprehensive examination of the current challenges and prospective strategies for improving the energy storage and hydrogen storage capabilities of AC materials, focusing on their structural and chemical characteristics. The findings underscore the promise of AC materials as viable and sustainable options in the transition to clean energy technologies.