Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction Ameliorates Obesity by Targeting the PPARγ/STAT3/PTGS2 Axis: Integrative Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Childhood obesity is a major preventable health issue. This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction (DHXD) and explored its potential mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Active compounds and targets of DHXD were identified from TCMSP and HERB databases, while obesity-related targets were obtained from GeneCards, TTD, and DisGeNET. A protein-protein interaction network helped identify 45 shared targets and 10 hub genes. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding between DHXD components and key targets. An obesity rat model was established using a high-fat diet, followed by DHXD treatment. Parameters such as body weight, fat mass, and rectal temperature were monitored. Biochemical assays and histological staining assessed metabolic and tissue changes. Western blotting evaluated the expression of obesity-related proteins. Results showed DHXD significantly reduced body weight and fat accumulation, improved blood glucose and lipid profiles, and promoted lipolysis and browning of white adipose tissue. Molecular analysis highlighted PPARγ, PTGS2, and STAT3 as central targets mediating DHXD's anti-obesity effects. These findings support the potential of DHXD as an effective therapeutic agent against obesity and provide insights into its molecular mechanism of action.